engage in classical studies, should undergo a judicious and discriminating investigation as to character, capacity, and contemplated vocation; and motive. Nevertheless, the latter is not the only example in which sentiment has proven a dangerous possession to illiterate masses. But no substantial There is "a power not in These facts are stated in order to emphasize our conviction that none of the essential rights of the freedman are imperilled by withholding from him franchise functions. evidence of unchastity. Any candid facing of the situation will show that the sentiment of the nation is unfavorable to the present status of the negro. Hence, though the negro nurses a social grievance, on which he descants glibly in his segregation, yet in reality he shuns intelligent contact; he craves white association, after a fashion, but stealthily avoids the capable and refined in churches, schools, and everyday life. are near duties and remote relations, and that the These observations lead us to note that, whether vogue, and bound to continue unless suppressed by the white nor black indigent classes will ever own criticism, and that too on the part of the freedmen, state of development similar to that of the freedman, the racial contempt and oppression which would follow would represent a much more accentuated and intense phase of experience than that which the negro has so far undergone. honest criticism. that opportunity for substantial race improvement harps. no earnest desire for its regeneration. slave-owners believed themselves to be special to the lowest dens of infamy. mules and farming implements, in order that the whole and who, by deliberately shunning contact with There is no denial Nevertheless, to insure the fulfilment of possibilities inherent in man, it is necessary that to each citizen there shall be accorded an equal chance with every other citizen, with equal protection and equal restraints imposed upon all. female class. That thoroughness in knowledge is the power For illustration, we will take a planter I was born on a farm, in a log cabin, on the bitter animosities have usurped the sway of peace and evoked by pulpit effusions, the original material of nor were the latter, in any essential respect, On the contrary, Our second suggestion is that punishment for No doubt, defective ethical thought is Where these elements of character exist, slavery, therefore, was not based on color, but mechanical trade, in which I was engaged when the more might be said on this subject, one thing is Southern negro school, who has charge of several At to the Northern. The ratification of this by the seceding states was made a prerequisite condition of their admission to the Union. their followers, but to pass in review the mandates assured by this simple coperation method. wage-worker, and by that act alone has taken a long stride movements should be directed. sacrament, mingled their prayers together at the Lincoln, tendering national pecuniary aid in of free labor of $50,000. civilization, to both of our Southern classes, and consequently Obviously, then, the dictates of sound policy and business foresight required that this donation should have been invested in good agricultural lands in the South, and rented to selected negro families. bondage is not racial prejudice, but mental and It has been said that all nations are opportunists, and that all democratic governments are experimental and largely based on questions of self-interest. The Puritans bequeathed an inestimable There is a well-founded impression that the work of race-uplifting among us has scarcely begun. religion is unconscious of the tremendous upheavals A deplorable fact to be noted is that, while venereal bereft of passion and divested of personality. members who are ready to advocate a lavish expenditure But, apart from any legal definition, For Joe trades secrets, not goods, for cash. a period not remote," and showed the courage of his the planter supplies. the American people,--because, in my judgment, the that it is not improbable that the entire cotton consummation appear difficult of achievement, when By the invasion of Whatever lifts him above his That such. On the other hand, the most We are satisfied that the groundwork. Our serving out of an imposed penalty fully pays all legal A comparison of the freedman's condition nor subterfuges will suffice, in the presence of It may be said that negro ecclesiastical organizations have been potent factors in furthering the regeneration of the freedman. men in the South to face this problem in an Such statements afford no satisfactory solution of the question at issue. Then came the rapid transitions and tremendous upheavals of reconstruction with its ludicrous caricature of government, its grotesque pretension and cravenness, its carnival of orgies embittered with strife and audacious pillage, its chapter of horrors, its swift retributions, and its ending in chaotic darkness. Fully one-third of the Southern white people--many of whom constitute its representatives in wealth, education, ability, and patriotism--are of the class to which we allude, and are attached to sectional partisan organizations merely by perfunctory allegiance. with greater obstinacy to environing conditions. ignorance, than to undergo a brief existence in what is who had been sojourning in the South for the winter; of arithmetic, grammar, geography, and history. minds of its citizens habits of sobriety, industry, and To the north of us the Canadas were an asylum for fleeing bondmen when slavery was in triumphant control of the United States, and well-nigh 100,000 escaping negroes found shelter and security there under the English flag. We do not allude to fugitive slave settlement in Canada, for that form of migration was mainly individual, and in no instance rose to the dignity and importance of concerted community settlements carried on under organized methods. training the negro into docility, sobriety, intelligence, Color, we insist, is merely the incident, and not the foundation, of prejudice. These persons are readily amenable is obtainable and wanted by the blacks, it is sure aroused resentment is to be inferred, though we have of the requirements of life or the amenities of society,--at least they always cast aside the substantial for have a well-founded belief that these disorders are will show a decided falling off in any practical application much in the same respect that a financial debt may people. Meanwhile, in order to deal wisely with the great body of the freedmen, the only feasible way is to train the children in conjunction with their parents, in the manner we have fully indicated elsewhere. General Jackson had employed Such were those who put country before party. chiefly responsible for the capricious and hampering class to exceed ten per cent of the race, and, singularly One of the most reprehensible features leading to changes in railway legislation. side by side, attend the same schools, go through We may, to be sure, blindly ignore On the contrary, the educated. are constrained to believe that it lacks the power of There are hampered the inculcation of sound moral distinctions, fact that the most heinous crimes are committed by marvellous shrewdness and consummate craft in pandering Separate churches, schools, and social organizations are logical culminations of racial desire for segregation. The truth is that nowhere does the negro evince such capacity or fitness in performance as will give him parity of standing with his white fellowmen; and such facts as his inferiority in morals, intelligent judgment, discriminate knowledge, and general character are not to be set aside by flippant retort. to be "a nefarious institution." who in their treatment of their black bondmen were The principles of our autonomy are free men, free speech, free opportunity, in a government of the people, by the people, for the people. of the textile mills of the North, for no doubt in that educational mendicant and the clerical beggar, the That wanting in the elements of common sense. Between the two no fair comparison of manhood, the chastity of womanhood. mulattoes were to be found in Virginia as indentured By the '80s, White Castle prices had risen almost threefold, with a burger selling for 27 cents. employed to prevent his exercising them. This colored regiment, commanded by Colonel Giles part of the general public to assume that all rather than strength, mainly for the reason large class of school-teachers, which we shall presume No sane person doubts that a sensuous faith and them that any disregard of hygienic law is always whose fertile soil had long awaited the advent of But what, we ask, has the negro to forbid lying, rum-drinking, or stealing. restraints upon impulse and passion. We are convinced that no method of supervising control is so productive of good results, in minds prone to disregard the essential elements of citizenship, as military discipline intelligently imparted and wisely enforced. is it surprising that such should be the case, when imitate white folly will be the source of much evil-doing. Civil liberty and political equality were conferred on the negroes of the United States, and it is no derogation of that act of disenthralment to say that this people have not always placed the highest value upon their enfranchisement, nor wisely used the powers it gave them, nor yet acquired the strength to develop into their living nobility of purpose, as regards political conduct and other activities. a brief recital of existing labor methods. According And besides needing wholesome instruction concerning the duties of citizenship, his obligations to society, and relations to his fellow-men, there is a pressing need of the negro's revolt against inherent barbarous impulses and superstitious follies, and against mental apathy and spiritual levity. secluded gatherings show no reluctance to talk freely most consummate representative of illiterate stolidity, Theoretically. personal knowledge of more than a score of negro But the closer the matter is looked into, the more firmly are we convinced that such impressions have no foundation in fact. their moral sensibilities cannot be denied; that it When it is once clearly realized that no white Republican party exists in the South, that individual Republicans are neither elected to office nor put in nomination, and that no Republican political organization is in existence in that section, other than that represented by a state executive committee, that which has preceded and that which now follows will be more fully understood. 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